Media in category "Olympe de Gouges" The following 33 files are in this category, out of 33 total. [2] Gouges was also attacked by those who thought that a woman's proper place was not in the theatre. Finally, her poster Les trois urnes, ou le salut de la Patrie, par un voyageur aérien ("The Three Urns, or the Salvation of the Fatherland, by an Aerial Traveller") of 1793, led to her arrest. It has been suggested that she adopted this notion from Rousseau's letter To the Republic of Geneva, where he speaks directly to two types of Genevans: the "dear fellow citizens" or his "brothers", and the aimables et virtueeses Citoyenne, that is the women citizens. A passionate advocate of human rights, Gouges greeted the outbreak of the Revolution with hope and joy, but soon became disenchanted when égalité (equal rights) was not extended to women. Olympe de Gouges, rojena Marie Gouze, francoska dramatičarka in aktivistka, * 7. maj 1748, Montauban, Francija, † 3. november 1793, Pariz.. Bila je ena izmed prvih bork za pravice žensk in njihovo enakopravnost v družbi. [40] Among other themes she wrote plays on the slave trade, divorce, marriage, debtors' prisons, children's rights, and government work schemes for the unemployed. This posthumous characterisation of Gouges by the political establishment was misleading, as Gouges had no role in founding the Society of Revolutionary Republican Women. A number of her plays were published and some are extant. [28] One year after its publication, in 1792, the keen observer of the French Revolution Mary Wollstonecraft published Vindication of the Rights of Woman. Al año siguiente enviudó y quedó con su único hijo, Pierre Aubry, que había nacido también en ese año. Citizens were defined as men over 25, were "independent" and had paid the poll tax. It was there that the commissioners found an unfinished play titled La France Sauvée ou le Tyran Détroné ("France Preserved, or The Tyrant Dethroned"). September 1791 An die Königin Die Rechte der Frau Erklärung der Rechte der Frau und Bürgerin – Präambel – Artikel 1 bis 17 – Postambel Muster eines Gesellschaftsvertrages von Mann und Frau Anekdote Postskriptum Schreiben im Sinne der Aufklärung Olympe de Gouges nahm sie als Künstlernamen an. At the 15 November 1793 meeting of the Commune, Pierre Gaspard Chaumette cautioned a group of women wearing Phrygian bonnets, reminding them of "the impudent Olympe de Gouges, who was the first woman to start up women's political clubs, who abandoned the cares of her home, to meddle in the affairs of the Republic, and whose head fell under avenging blade of the law". [4] For Gouges there was a direct link between the autocratic monarchy in France and the institution of slavery, she argued that "Men everywhere are equal… Kings who are just do not want slaves; they know that they have submissive subjects". In her defence of Louis XVI de Gouges expresses her customary fair-mindedness, in her understanding of the Convention's Parisian bias, her … [41] In the final act of l'Esclavage des Noirs Gouges lets the French colonial master, not the slave, utter a prayer for freedom: "Let our common rejoicings be a happy portent of liberty". Britannica Explores. [16] Through her friends, she managed to publish two texts: Olympe de Gouges au tribunal révolutionnaire ("Olympe de Gouges at the Revolutionary tribunal"), in which she related her interrogations; and her last work, Une patriote persécutée ("A [female] patriot persecuted"), in which she condemned the Terror. It will teach the Tyrants just what a people united by long oppression and enlightened by sound philosophy can do". In 1791 Gouges became part of the Society of the Friends of Truth, also called the "Social Club," an association with the goal of equal political and legal rights for women. She attempted to unmask the villains through the literary productions which she had printed and put up. Gouges opposes absolutism, but believed France should retain a constitutional monarchy.[47]. Gouges said in a semi-autobiographical novel (Mémoire de Madame de Valmont contre la famille de Flaucourt), "I was married to a man I did not love and who was neither rich nor well-born. "[49], French Wikisource has original text related to this article: Olympe de Gouges, Significant civil and political events by year, The Three Urns, or the Salvation of the Fatherland, by an Aerial Traveller, France Preserved, or The Tyrant Dethroned, Olympe de Gouges at the Revolutionary tribunal, Chronicle of the French Revolution, Longman, 1989 p. 235, Chronicle of the French Revolution, Longman 1989 p. 311, Declaration of the Rights of Woman and of the Female Citizen, Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, Society of Revolutionary Republican Women, Women's Petition to the National Assembly, "I Foresaw it All: The Amazing Life and Oeuvre of Olympe de Gouges", Olympe de Gouges, a Daughter of Quercy on her Way to the Panthéon, "Olympe de Gouges's trial and the affective politics of denaturalization in France", A website containing English translations of de Gouges' works, An extensive article about Olympe de Gouges, An excerpt from the Declaration of the Rights of Woman and of the Female Citizen, Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany, Charles William Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick, Frederick Louis, Prince of Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen, François Alexandre Frédéric, duc de la Rochefoucauld-Liancourt, Honoré Gabriel Riqueti, comte de Mirabeau, Alexandre-Théodore-Victor, comte de Lameth, Louis Michel le Peletier de Saint-Fargeau, List of people associated with the French Revolution, Timeline of women's legal rights (other than voting), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Olympe_de_Gouges&oldid=989347872, French people executed by guillotine during the French Revolution, 18th-century French dramatists and playwrights, Articles containing explicitly cited English-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2018, Wikipedia articles with CANTIC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 18 November 2020, at 13:44. Ve své Deklaraci práv ženy a občanky kritizovala nadvládu mužů a nerovnost pohlaví. November in Paris (auf dem Revolutionsplatz, heute Place de la Concorde) in. But having quickly perceived how atrocious the system adopted by the Jacobins was, she chose to retrace her steps. Olympe de Gouges, ursprungligen Marie Gouze, född 7 maj 1748 i Montauban, död genom avrättning 3 november 1793, var en fransk revolutionär. Sie kann als eine der ersten Frauenrechtlerinnen bezeichnet werden. Ihr Geburtsort ist Montauban nahe Toulose in Südfrankreich. Gouges also openly attacked the notion that human rights were a reality in revolutionary France. The facts about her true parentage are somewhat vague, and de Gouges herself contributed to the confusion by encouraging rumors about her illegitimacy. A record of her papers which were seized in 1793, at the time of her execution, lists about 40 plays. She must possess equally the right to mount the speaker's platform. Both Gouges and her prosecutor used this play as evidence in her trial. "[7], This was followed by her Contrat Social ("Social Contract," named after a famous work of Jean-Jacques Rousseau), proposing marriage based upon gender equality. Born Marie Gouze she first adopted the name Olympe de Gouges for her early plays. The influential Abraham-Joseph Bénard remarked "Mme de Gouges is one of those women to whom one feels like giving razor blades as a present, who through their pretensions lose the charming qualities of their sex... Every woman author is in a false position, regardless of her talent". She addressed her public letters, published often as pamphlets, to statesmen such as Jacques Necker, the Duke of Orléans, or the queen Marie-Antoinette. "[32] Revolutionary novels were published that put women at the centre of violent struggle, such as the narratives written by Helen Maria Williams and Leonora Sansay. Why Famous: Beginning her career as a playwright in pre-revolutionary France, Gouges became politically active after the outbreak of revolution in 1789. Mai 1748 in Montauban; † 3. The problem was that law of the revolution made it a capital offense for anyone to publish a book or pamphlet that encouraged reestablishing the monarchy. She continued to publish political essays between 1788 and 1791. [34], After her execution her son Pierre Aubry signed a letter, denying his endorsement for her political legacy. Olympe de Gouges (French: [olɛ̃p də ɡuʒ] (listen); born Marie Gouze; 7 May 1748 – 3 November 1793) was a French playwright and political activist whose writings on women's rights and abolitionism reached a large audience in various countries. Mit dieser Erklärung hinterließ Olympe de Gouges ein Dokument, das den Versuch einer geistigen Revolution innerhalb des revolutionären Prozesses bezeugt. The prosecutor claimed that Gouges' depictions of the queen threatened to stir up sympathy and support for the Royalists, whereas Gouges stated that the play showed that she had always been a supporter of the Revolution. Her proposition for a political order remained largely unchanged. In her letter she argued that he had been duped–that he was guilty as a king, but innocent as a man, and that he should be exiled rather than executed. She also was associated with Masonic Lodges, among them the Loge des Neuf Sœurs that was created by her friend Michel de Cubières. She became an outspoken advocate against the slave trade in the French colonies in 1788. Furthermore active citizenship was two-tiered, with those who could vote and those who were fit for public office. http://sonntagssoziologe.de Die Menschenrechte der Französischen Revolution galten ausschließlich für Männer. Sie ist die Verfasserin der Erklärung der Rechte der Frau und Bürgerin von 1791. The anti-imperial Irish Rebellion of 1798 was whipped up by Anglo-Irish women such as Maria Edgeworth, but the quest of Catholics for political rights was brutally suppressed by the British military. According to MP Jean-Baptiste Poncet-Delpech and others, "all of Montauban" knew that Lefranc de Pompignan was the adulterous father of the future Olympe de Gouges. Olympe de Gouges tritt in ihrer Frauenrechtserklärung der männlichen Verengung des Gleichheitsbegriffs systematisch entgegen. Gouges took to the street, and on behalf of the French people proclaimed "Let us plunge into the Seine! Her stance against the slavery in the French colonies made her the target of threats. Olympe de Gouges verfasste in der Zeit von ca. Gouges, Olympe de: Die Rechte der Frau und andere Schriften./ Les droits de la femme. The slave trade lobby had mounted a press campaign against her play and she eventually took legal action, forcing Comédie-Française to stage l'Esclavage des Noirs. She usually was invited to the salons of Madame de Montesson and the Comtesse de Beauharnais, who also were playwrights. Olympe de Gouges is considered as one of the first feminists. Thou hast need of a bath... thy death will claim things, and as for myself, the sacrifice of a pure life will disarm the heavens. [2], In 1765 aged 16 she was married against her will to Louis Aubry, a caterer. Olympe de Gouges, also called Marie-Olympe de Gouges, original name Marie Gouze, married name Marie Aubry, (born May 7, 1748, Montauban, France—died November 3, 1793, Paris), French social reformer and writer who challenged conventional views on a number of matters, especially the role of women as citizens. Republicans discussed civic virtue in terms of patriotic manliness (la vertu mâle et répub-licaine). November 1793 in Paris) war eine Revolutionärin, Frauenrechtlerin, Schriftstellerin und Autorin von Theaterstücken und Romanen im Zeitalter der Aufklärung. Biografie: Olympe de Gouges, eigentlich Marie Gouze, war eine Revolutionärin, Frauenrechtlerin, Schriftstellerin und Autorin von Theaterstücken im Zeitalter der Aufklärung. Frequently these pamphlets were intended to stir up public anger. In her Declaration of the Rights of Woman and of the Female Citizen (1791), she challenged the practice of male authority and the notion of male-female inequality. The slave protagonist comments on the situation in France "The power of one Master alone is in the hands of a thousand Tyrants who trample the People under foot. She was executed by guillotine during the Reign of Terror (1793–1794) for attacking the regime of the Revolutionary government and for her association with the Girondists. At the end of the 18th century influential political actors such as Honoré Gabriel Riqueti, Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord and Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès were not convinced of the case for equality. [8] Gouges did not approve of violent revolution, and published l'Esclavage des Noirs with a preface in 1792, arguing that the slaves and the free people who responded to the horrors of slavery with "barbaric and atrocious torture" in turn justified the behavior of the tyrants. [17] On 2 November 1793 she wrote to him: "I die, my dear son, a victim of my idolatry for the fatherland and for the people. [2], In Paris she started a relationship with the wealthy Jacques Biétrix de Rozières, but refused his marriage proposal. [23] Lacombe, Léon and Theroigne de Mericourt had spoken at women's and mixed clubs, and the Assemblée, while Gouges had shown a reluctance to engage in public speaking, but prolifically published pamphlets. Members sometimes gathered at the home of the well-known women's rights advocate, Sophie de Condorcet. A Biography of Olympe de Gouges. [46], As the politics of revolutionary France changed and progressed Gouges failed to become an actor on the political stage, but in her letters offered advice to the political establishment. But the play closed after three performances; the lobby had paid hecklers to sabotage the performances.[6]. The French Constitution marked the birth of the short-lived constitutional monarchy and implemented a status based citizenship. Olympe de Gouges - Vorkämpferin für Frauenrechte – Französischen Revolution -Autorin – Theaterstücke - 1748 geboren, „Erklärung der Rechte der Frau und der Bürgerin“ (1791 -vom Revolutionstribunal am 3. Her most famous work was the "Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen," the publication of which resulted in Gouges being tried and convicted of treason. Dieser gehörte einem ortsansässigen Adelsgeschlecht an, ging aber bald nach der Geburt Maries nach Paris, wo er sich als Literat einen Namen machte und an di… Today she is perhaps best known as an early women's rights advocate who demanded that French women be given the same rights as French men. [19] Olympe was executed only a month after Condorcet had been proscribed, and just three days after the Girondin leaders had been guillotined. [31] The same year Gouges was executed the pamphlet On the Marriage of Two Celebrated Widows was published anonymously, proclaiming that "two celebrated widows, ladies of America and France, after having repudiated their husbands on account of their ill treatment, conceived of the design of living together in the strictest union and friendship. While politically active women were executed the Convention banned all women's political associations. They were widely circulated within and outside France. That year a number of women with a public role in politics were executed, including Madame Roland and Marie-Antoinette. It was only in October 1792 that the Convention decreed the use of citoyenne to replace Madame and Mademoiselle. The new Républicaine was the republican mother that nurtured the new citizen. [14], As the Revolution progressed, she became more and more vehement in her writings. Women were by definition not afforded any rights of active citizenship. Transaction Publ, 2006. "[3] Her husband died a year later, and in 1770 she moved to Paris with her son to live with her sister. In the same year Gouges penned Letter to Citizen Robespierre, which Robespierre refused to answer. Olympe de Gouges (eigentlich Marie Gouze; * 7. With the support of Rozières she established a theatre company. Olympe de Gouges wrote her famous " Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen " shortly after the French constitution of 1791 was created in the same year. She remained close to Rozières throughout the French Revolution. She began her career as a playwright in the early 1780s. The intention was not to court the favour of the addressee, often a public figure. Born Marie Gouze in Montauban, France in 1748 to petite-bourgeois parents Anne Olympe Moisset Gouze, a maidservant, and her second husband, Pierre Gouze, a butcher, Marie grew up speaking Occitan (the dialect of the region). [39], Gouges penned more than 30 plays, often with a socially critical theme. The square was inaugurated by the mayor of the 3rd arrondissement, Pierre Aidenbaum, along with then first deputy mayor of Paris, Anne Hidalgo. Juli 1793 wurde auf der Brücke Saint-Michel in Paris Olympe de Gouges verhaf­tet, als sie zusam­men mit dem Buchhänd­ler-Verle­ger Costard und dem Plaka­tie­rer Trottier ein Plakat anbrin­gen wollte mit dem Titel: „Les trois urnes ou le salut de la patrie, par un voyager aérien“. She was an advocate for abolishing slaves in the colonies, but is best known for her work as an early feminist writer. The first act ends with Gouges reproving the queen for having seditious intentions and lecturing her about how she should lead her people. Despite this she expresses loyalty for the ministers Jacques Necker and Charles Alexandre de Calonne. After the execution of Louis XVI she became wary of Robespierre's Montagnard faction and in open letters criticized their violence and summary assassinations. [43], Gouges wrote her famous Declaration of the Rights of Woman and of the Female Citizen shortly after the French Constitution of 1791 was ratified by King Louis XVI, and dedicated it to his wife, Queen Marie Antoinette. [38] Gouges signed her public letters with citoyenne, the feminised version of citizen. Clémence Bodoc, web rédactrice chez madmoizelle.com , nous décrit la « zone grise », moment où les interprétations diverses demandent l’avis de l’autre, du vis-à-vis, pour ne pas commettre une agression. Olympe de Gouges - Lettre a Monseigneur le duc d'Orleans premier prince du sang, 1789.djvu 2,528 × 3,812, 8 pages; 434 KB She believed that she was the illegitimate daughter of Jean-Jacques Lefranc, Marquis de Pompignan. She is honoured in many street names across France, in the Salle Olympe de Gouges exhibition hall in rue Merlin, Paris, and the Parc Olympe de Gouges in Annemasse. Olympe de Gouges, pseudónimo de Marie Gouze, nada en Montauban (Tarn-et-Garonne) o 7 de maio de 1748 e finada en París o 3 de novembro de 1793, foi unha escritora e abolicionista francesa, coñecida polas súas dúas obras máis famosas: A escravitude dos negros (1786) e a Declaración dos dereitos da muller e da cidadá (). These citizens had the right to vote. She was declared the daughter of Pierre Gouze, bourgeois of Montauban, master butcher - he did not sign at the baptism because he was absent - and of Anne Olympe Mouisset, daughter of a lawyer from a family of merchants, married in 1737 The latter, born in 1712, was the goddaughter of the Marquis Jean-Jacques Lefranc de Pompignan (Anne's father had been Jean-Jacques' tutor), born in 1709, with whom she would have maintained a romantic relationship. Under the specious mask of republicanism, her enemies have brought me remorselessly to the scaffold."[18]. [30], American women began to refer to themselves as citess or citizeness and took to the streets to achieve equality and freedom. Then she took the side of the Girondins and … Wikipedia: Olympe de Gouges in der freien Enzyklopädie, Infos zu Bildmaterial und Lizenzen auf geboren.am ›, Tod mit 45 Jahren am 3. [12] In December 1792, when Louis XVI was about to be put on trial, she wrote to the National Assembly offering to defend him, causing outrage among many deputies. [25], 1793 has been described as a watershed for the construction of women's place in revolutionary France, and the deconstruction of the Girondins' Marianne. Sie ist die Verfasserin der Erklärung der Rechte der Frau und Bürgerin von 1791. Her body was disposed of in the Madeleine Cemetery. In this position she wrote her best-known work, the Declaration of the Rights of Woman and of the Female Citizen. [26] 1793 marked the start of the Reign of Terror in post-revolutionary France, where thousands of people were executed. Marie-Olympe de Gouges was born Marie Gouzes in Montauban, in southern France, on December 31, 1748. Details are limited. They never forgave her, and she paid for her carelessness with her head. Sie muss sich ständig gegen Verleumdungen wehren und erlebt, wie ihre Stücke und Beiträge abgelehnt werden – und andere sich ihre Ideen zu eigen machen. Olympe de Gouges selbst gibt 1793 ihr Alter mit 38 Jahren an. A partir de 1770 Olympe se mudó a París, con la principal intención de que su hijo obtuviera educación de calidad. In language and practice this was a debate among men and about men. [1] Hon var politisk aktivist, feminist, författare och dramatiker.Hon är författaren till Deklarationen om kvinnans och medborgarinnans rättigheter (1791). [35] He tried to change her name in the records, to Marie Aubry, but the name she had given herself has endured. On 2 June 1793, the Jacobins of the Montagnard faction arrested prominent Girondins, imprisoned them, and sent them to the guillotine in October. I was sacrificed for no reason that could make up for the repugnance I felt for this man. In other writings she attacked slavery and the death penalty, and argued in favour of divorce. At the same time, she began writing political pamphlets. "[11] Michelet opposed any political participation by women and thus disliked Gouges. 2007 French presidential contender Ségolène Royal expressed the wish that Gouges' remains be moved to the Panthéon. 14. Marie Gouze nació en el pueblo de Montauban el 7 de mayo de 1748. [36] Although she was a celebrity in her lifetime and a prolific author, Gouges became largely forgotten, but then rediscovered through a political biography by Olivier Blanc in the mid 1980s.[37]. In these pamphlets she advanced the public debate on issues that would later be picked up by feminists, such as Flora Tristan. The presiding judge denied Gouges her legal right to a lawyer on the grounds that she was more than capable of representing herself. One of the slave protagonist explains that the French must gain their own freedom, before they can deal with slavery. Olympe de Gouges wurde in Montauban in Frankreich geboren und verstarb in Paris (auf dem Revolutionsplatz, heute Place de la Concorde) . Sie war eine der jüngeren Töchter des kleinbürgerlichen Ehepaares Anne-Olympe und Pierre Gouze, ihr leiblicher Vater war jedoch vermutlich Jean-Jacques Le Franc de Pompignan. However, her remains—like those of the other victims of the Reign of Terror—have been lost through burial in communal graves, so any reburial (like that of Marquis de Condorcet) would be only ceremonial. [2] Gouges attended the artistic and philosophical salons of Paris, where she met many writers, including La Harpe, Mercier, and Chamfort, as well as future politicians such as Brissot and Condorcet. Across the Atlantic world observers of the French Revolution were shocked, but the ideals of liberté, égalité, fraternité had taken a life of their own. [44], Gouges was not the only feminists who attempted to influence the political structures of late Enlightenment France. In transferring sovereignty to the nation the constitution dismantled the old regime, but Gouges argued that it did not go far enough. [16], Her son Pierre Aubry was suspended from his office as vice-general and head of battalion after her arrest. Mme de Gouges, die geistige Mutter der Menschenrechte für weibliche Menschen, ist die bedeutendste politische Denkerin im patriarchalen Europa: Ihre »Erklärung der Rechte der Frau und Bürgerin« (1791) ist ein bis heute unübertroffen scharfsinniges Dokument konsequenten Widerstandes gegen die »Erklärung der Männer- und Bürgerrechte« (1789), verfasst von Bürgern und Hausvätern. On 6 March 2004, the junction of the Rues Béranger, Charlot, de Turenne, and de Franche-Comté in Paris was proclaimed the Place Olympe de Gouges. [citation needed], In 1788 she published Réflexions sur les hommes nègres, which demanded compassion for the plight of slaves in the French colonies. But like the writings of Etta Palm d'Aelders, Theroigne de Mericourt, Claire Lacombe and Marquis de Condorcet, her arguments fell on deaf ears. Browse 56 olympe de gouges stock photos and images available, or start a new search to explore more stock photos and images. On 3 November 1793 the Revolutionary Tribunal sentenced her to death and she was executed for seditious behavior and attempting to reinstate the monarchy. [42], In November 1788 she published her first political brochure, a manifesto entitled Letter to the people, or project for a patriotic fund. Olympe de Gouges wurde als Marie Gouze am 07.05.1748 in Montauban, Südfrankreich, geboren. Olympe de Gouges schreibt: „Selbstbewusst und selbstlos wie dieser nämliche Mercier wurde ich umso umtriebiger.“ Mercier soll recht behalten. The same year she wrote a series of pamphlets on a range of social concerns, such as illegitimate children. While it was common in France to equate political oppression to slavery, this was an analogy and not an abolitionist sentiment. She drew a parallel between colonial slavery and political oppression in France. In her political writings Gouges had not called for women to abandon their homes, but she was cast by the politicians as an enemy of the natural order, and thus enemy of the ruling Jacobin party. The People will one day burst their chains and will claim all its rights under Natural law. Gouges had acquired the position for him by paying 1,500 livres. [9] When it was staged again in December 1792 a riot erupted in Paris. Explore {{searchView.params.phrase}} by color family {{familyColorButtonText(colorFamily.name)}} Engraved portrait of French feminist and revolutionary Olympe de Gouges . Olympe de Gouges (1748-1793) hieß eigentlich Marie Gouze. [20] Olympe's last moments were depicted by an anonymous Parisian who kept a chronicle of events: "Yesterday, at seven o'clock in the evening, a most extraordinary person called Olympe de Gouges who held the imposing title of woman of letters, was taken to the scaffold, while all of Paris, while admiring her beauty, knew that she didn't even know her alphabet.... She approached the scaffold with a calm and serene expression on her face, and forced the guillotine's furies, which had driven her to this place of torture, to admit that such courage and beauty had never been seen before.... That woman... had thrown herself in the Revolution, body and soul. Ihre politischen Überlegungen sind von den sich überstürzenden Veränderungen der frühen Französischen Revolution geprägt, erweisen sich jedoch über den historischen Kontext hinausgehend von Bedeutung. [45], In her early political letters Gouges made a point of being a woman, and that she spoke "as a woman". As a playwright she charged into the contemporary political controversies and she was often in the vanguard. Only one whom chance had elevated to an eminent position can assume the task of lending weight to the progress of the Rights of Woman and of hastening its success. Von Frauenfeinden bösartig diffamiert, von Repub… In early 1789 she published Patriotic remarks setting out her proposals for social security, care for the elderly, institutions for homeless children, hostels for unemployed, and the introduction of a jury system. Women were not granted political rights in revolutionary France, thus Gouges used her pamphlets to enter the public debate and she argued that the debate needed to include the female civic voice. [31] At the 1848 Women's Rights Convention at Seneca Falls, the rhetorical style of the Declaration of the Rights of Woman and of the Female Citizen was employed to paraphrase the Declaration of Independence into the Declaration of Sentiments,[33] which demanded women's right to vote. Gouges' contemporary Madame Roland of the Gironde party became notorious for her Letter to Louis XVI in 1792. [15], After her arrest, the commissioners searched her house for evidence. Gouges was defiant, she wrote "I'm determined to be a success, and I'll do it in spite of my enemies." She was possibly the illegitimate daughter of Jean-Jacques Le Franc de Caix (the Marquis de Pompignan), himself a man of letters and a playwright (among whose claims to fame in… It seems as though the judge based this argument on Gouges' tendency to represent herself in her writings. If you were less well informed, Madame, I might fear that your individual interests would outweigh those of your sex.